Discovery of the southwest Dongsha Island mud volcanoes amid the northern margin of the South China Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Dongsha Basin, circling Dongsha Island that is amid the northern margin of the South China Sea, is characterized by thin (∼0.5 km) Cenozoic sediments veneering on thick (up to 5 km) Mesozoic strata. Recently, several geophysical and geological surveys, including multiple channel reflection seismic, sub-bottom profiling and benthic dredging, have been conducted on the slope southwest to the Dongsha Island, where the water depth varies from 400 m to 2000 m. A novel discovery is numerous submarine mud volcanoes of various sizes over there, typically 50–200 m high and 0.5–5 km wide. Geophysical profiles document their unusual features, e.g., roughly undulating seafloor, high-amplitude seabed reflectivity, foggy hyperbolic diffractions up to 50 m in water column above seabed, and internal reflection chaos and wipe-out down to 2–3 km level or deeper below the seabed. Benthic dredging from the mud volcanoes gives abundant faunas of high diversity, e.g., scleractinian (stony coral), gorgonian, black coral, thiophil tubeworm, glass sponge, bryozoan etc., indicating booming chemosynthetic community, among which the Lophelia pertusa-like coral and the Euretidae-like glass sponges are the first reports in the South China Sea. Concomitantly with them, there are also abundant authigenic carbonate nodules and slabs, raw, brecciated and breccias with bio-clasts congregation. Besides, there coexist massive mudflows and allogenic coarse-grained quartz, feldspar and tourmaline most likely brought out by mud volcanism. Geochemical analysis of the bottom water samples give dissolved methane concentration up to 4 times higher than the background average. These results lend comprehensive evidences for the ongoing and historical mud volcanism. The escaping methane gas is inferred to source mainly from the Mesozoic strata. Occupying a large province of the deep water slope, ca. 1000 km² or more, the mud volcanoes is prospective for gas hydrate and natural gas for the Dongsha Basin.  相似文献   

龙凤山气田易漏失井固井工艺技术研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

马艳超 《探矿工程》2017,44(6):58-61

龙凤山气田属于典型的裂缝性储层,钻井过程中漏失问题突出。该气田地层压力系数低、气层活跃、井壁稳定性差,固井难度较大。针对本区块特点,强化固井工艺措施,做好钻完井过程的防漏、承压堵漏工作,优选完井方法,采用变排量顶替工艺技术,开展低密度水泥浆体系优选研究,合理设计浆柱结构,有效地解决了固井过程中的漏失和候凝期间气窜等问题,保证了固井质量,实现了油层的有效封固,现场应用效果良好。  相似文献   

火试金捕集等离子体发射光谱法测定铜铅电解阳极泥中铂和钯   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁功启  刘艳 《岩矿测试》2005,24(3):229-232

采用火试金分离捕集,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法分析了铜铅电解阳极泥中的铂和钯,重点试验了银的沉淀分离条件,方法应用于实际样品的分析,加标回收率大于95%。用贫铂矿国家一级标准物质和铜阳极泥管理样分析验证方法,其结果与标准值相符。方法的精密度(RSD,n=5)分别为Pt2.68%~3.04%,Pd4.55%~8.36%。  相似文献   

关于CCSD主孔4820～4930 m井段气体异常的初步解释   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

詹秀春  罗立强  李迎春  唐力君  李东 《中国地质》2005,32(2):320-329

CCSD主孔取心钻进的第153至166回次(对应井深为4820～4930m)施工中,流体地球化学现场实验室监测到非常显著的气体异常。按气体浓度的变化,又可分为两个不同的异常区段,分别位于4820～4860m和4869～4930m井段。两个区段均表现为显著的CO2和H2异常,第一区段的最大值分别为3.6%和12.1%,第二区段的最大值分别为24.8%和18.7%。第二区段除了CO2和H2异常值更高以外,在其后期(井深4906m)还出现了一处比较短暂的He气异常,最高值达到17×10-6,比基础值高出200%。通过对钻井过程的分析及泥浆的离线实验研究认为:微生物对泥浆的分解作用是本次异常的重要原因之一,堵漏剂助长了气体异常的升高和延续;由泥浆分解产生的CO2和H2与来自地下的流体并存是本次异常的显著特点。  相似文献   

辽西山区某厂泥石流调查     

王鸿胤 《岩土工程技术》2005,19(6):276-280

通过辽西某厂泥石流灾害的实地调查,阐述了泥石流发生的条件,介绍了泥石流危害,分析了泥石流的现状并预测了发展趋势,提出了防治措施。  相似文献   

Utilization of red mud as a stabilization material for the preparation of clay liners   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ekrem Kalkan   《Engineering Geology》2006,87(3-4):220-229

Red mud is a waste material generated by the Bayer Process widely used to produce alumina from bauxite throughout the world. Approximately, 35% to 40% per ton of bauxite treated using the Bayer Process ends up as red mud waste. Because of storing issues, the waste negatively affects the environment. To solve this problem, it is essential to investigate different uses for red mud waste. The potential use of red mud for the preparation of stabilization material is presented in this study. This study examines the effects of red mud on the unconfined compressive strength, hydraulic conductivity, and swelling percentage of compacted clay liners as a hydraulic barrier. The test results show that compacted clay samples containing red mud and cement–red mud additives have a high compressive strength and decreased the hydraulic conductivity and swelling percentage as compared to natural clay samples. Consequently, it is concluded that red mud and cement–red mud materials can be successfully used for the stabilization of clay liners in geotechnical applications.  相似文献   

用赤泥去除酸性矿井水中重金属污染物的初步研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

于华通陈明  谭科艳冯流 曹晓娟 《岩矿测试》2006,25(1):45-48

利用碱性赤泥去除酸性矿井水中的污染物。通过比较不同的赤泥改性方法、赤泥改性温度、反应温度、反应时间及赤泥和矿井水不同的固液比等条件下水样中的pH值和Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg、Pb重金属元素的去除率，获得各污染物元素的最佳去除条件。为治理赤泥和酸性矿井水的污染开辟一条新的途径。  相似文献   

具有风景区泥石流治理特色的土木工程措施   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈晓清  崔鹏  唐邦兴  柳素清 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(2):79-84

风景区泥石流治理不同于其他泥石流的治理。在总结九寨沟风景名胜区泥石流治理土木设计的基础上,提出4种具有风景区泥石流治理特色的土木工程措施。即漂木拦挡、泥沙拦淤、生态保护及景点保护。详细分析了每种技术的减灾需求,在此基础上结合其他泥石流治理设计的成功经验,总结各技术的设计要点,并给出可供参考的成功应用实例。这些成功技术在九寨沟泥石流治理中取得了成功,可为其他风景区泥石流治理借鉴。  相似文献   

澳门美高梅金殿工程大口径钻孔扩底灌注桩施工技术     

李世京  陈宏儒 《探矿工程》2006,33(12):5-8

澳门美高梅金殿工程主楼基础为38根钻孔扩底灌注桩，桩孔直径为3m扩底到4．2-4．5m，场地狭窄，且是在微风化花岗岩中扩底。根据工程的具体情况，采用贝诺特工法、反循环四翼刮刀钻头钻进、滚刀钻头钻进等组合钻进工艺，同时采用在港澳地区限制严格的泥浆护壁钻进。为港澳地区用泥浆钻桩孔作出了典范，且取得了良好的经济效益。  相似文献   

Laser vs. settling velocity differences in silt grainsize measurements: estimation of palaeocurrent vigour   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

I. N. MCCAVE  I. R. HALL†  G. G. BIANCHI† 《Sedimentology》2006,53(4):919-928

The use of grain‐size distribution of muds for the reconstruction of past deep ocean currents is becoming established and applied in the palaeoceanographic community. The methods are also applicable to shallow marine and tidal flat muds with similar inferences concerning the energy of wave and current sorting being drawn. Fine sediment grain‐size distributions can be obtained using a variety of instruments based on fundamentally different theoretical principles. These machines may give varying, sometimes misleading, results giving divergent interpretations of flow speed history. The new evidence presented here, combined with earlier work, suggests that of the three most commonly used analytical methods for fine silts with clays, settling velocity (Sedigraph) should be the method and instrument of choice, with electrical resistance pulse counters (e.g. Coulter Counter) as a suitable alternative. The data also show that laser particle sizers should be avoided for palaeocurrent reconstructions because the measured size of platey minerals can be dominated by their large projected area. This causes them to be recorded as the same size as larger equant grains although they have much smaller settling velocity and were deposited in aggregates. This produces results with a weaker relationship to the dynamics of deposition. The central problem is thus that some coarse clay/fine silt is recorded as medium to coarse silt, the key size in the ‘sortable silt’ mean size method of inferring changes in flow speed. For coarse silts (e.g. loess) the laser gives more satisfactory results.  相似文献